中老年维持性血液透析患者主要照顾者负担水平及其影响因素分析

Analysis of the burden of main caregivers and its influencing factors in middle-aged and elderly patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis

目的调查中老年维持性血液透析(MHD)患者主要照顾者的负担现状,分析其相关的影响因素。方法采用便利抽样方法,选取2019年1月至6月吉林省某三级甲等医院血液净化中心中老年MHD主要照顾者115人为研究对象,采用一般人口学问卷、照顾者负担量表、社会支持量表、自我效能感量表进行调查分析,采用多元线性回归分析其影响因素。结果中老年MHD患者主要照顾者负担总分为(41.50±13.85)分,处于中等水平;社会支持得分(25.40±7.62)分,处于中低水平;自我效能得分为(20.40±5.62)分,处于中低水平。主要照顾者负担得分在年龄、文化程度、工作状态、家庭月总收入之间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。回归分析结果显示社会支持、自我效能、家庭经济收入是中老年MHD患者主要照顾者负担的主要影响因素(P<0.01)。结论中老年维持性血液透析患者主要照顾者负担处于中等水平,受自社会支持、自我效能、家庭经济收入影响。护理人员应及时评估主要照顾者负担的影响因素,扩大中老年维持性血液透析患者主要照顾者社会支持,提供相应的健康教育,最终提高患者及照顾者的生活质量。

Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the living actuality of the main caregivers of middle-aged and elderly patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Related influencing factors will be analyzed as well. Methods One hundred and fifteen caregivers in a three-level hospital in Jilin Province were investigated by The General Demographic Questionnaire, the Zarit Burden Scale, the Social Support Scale and the Self-efficacy Scale. Regression analysis was performed to confirm the influence factors. Results The score of Burden Scale was(41.50±13.85) which ranked intermediate level. The score of Social Support Scale was(25.40±7.62)which ranked intermediate level. The score of Self-efficacy Scale was(20.40±5.62)which ranked intermediate level. The results of regression analysis showed that social support, self-efficacy, age, education level, marital status, working status and family economic income were the influence factors of living burden.(P<0.05). ConclusionsThe main caregiver burden of middle-aged and elderly hemodialysis patients is at a medium level, which is influenced by social support, self-efficacy, marital status and family economic income. Nursing staff should assess the influencing factors of main caregiver burden and provide corresponding health education timely.