藏族早期招魂仪轨文书《胜死亡魔经》探析

Study on One of the Earliest Tibetan Bla Ritual Book of Bla bSlu vChi bDag gYul rGyal

以伏藏形式流传至今的《胜死亡魔经》是藏传佛教早期招魂仪轨之经典,为莲花生大师所创。通过对此文书的分析研究,可断定招魂首先是远古时代藏族祖先万物有灵论之表现和祖先崇拜时代的文化产物,属原始宗教的主要内容之一。随着社会文化的发展,尤其是在佛苯之争愈演愈烈的赤松德赞时期,基于重建藏族文化的需要,莲花生大师将藏族原始宗教中的招魂信仰改造并融入至佛教仪轨系统,用佛教理论阐释和支撑本土文化,反映了藏族宗教文化的发展历程和藏传佛教的形成历史。

This essay studies one of the earliest Tibetan Bla ritual book named Bla bSlu vChi bDag gYul rGyal’s contents,processes of the ritual and the name of the Bla based the Tibetan traditional Bla cult.In order to clarify the origin of the Bla cult,it also discusses the development of human culture.Bla cult is one of the basic religion in all ancient cultures,and in Tibetan culture Bla is transformed to mountain gods with development of local culture and became one special part in Bon and Tibetan Buddhism.Thus,with the development of Bla cult,we can understand the Tibetan people’s aspects toward the relationship with natural environment.