控释尿素配施控释氯化钾对土壤肥力和牡丹生长的影响

Effects of Controlled-Release Nitrogen and Controlled-Release Potassium on Soil Fertility and the Growth of Peony(Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.)

通过研究控释尿素和控释氯化钾配施对土壤供肥能力和牡丹生长的影响,为牡丹大范围种植中控释肥替代传统化肥提供理论依据。以农民习惯普通尿素配施氯化钾基肥加追肥2次的处理为对照,通过大田试验,研究不同用量控释尿素(135,270,405 kg/hm2)和控释氯化钾(90,180,270 kg/hm2)交互一次性施肥对土壤养分供应能力和“黄翠羽”品种牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.)生长的影响。结果表明:25℃静水浸提条件下,控释尿素和控释肥氯化钾的累积养分释放率分别在84,112天达到80%,养分持续供应能力显著高于普通氮钾肥。等施肥量下控释肥处理较农民习惯施肥显著提高0—20 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量68.0%~157.8%,铵态氮含量46.6%和速效钾含量16.1%~122.6%;提高了牡丹株高8.6%、茎粗25.3%和单株花数25.1%。控释氮钾配施对土壤硝态氮含量、牡丹叶片净光合速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度和蒸腾速率具有显著交互作用。试验条件下优选的控释尿素和控释氯化钾用量分别为270,90 kg/hm2。一次性基施控释尿素和控释氯化钾较习惯施肥省时省工,提高土壤肥力,促进牡丹生长,在牡丹种植中具有较高的推广价值。

In order to study the effects of the combined application of controlled-release urea(CRU)and controlled-release potassium chloride(CRK)on soil fertility and peony growth,and provide a theoretical basis for the controlled-release fertilizer(CRF)to replace traditional chemical fertilizers in peony large-scale cultivation,field experiments were arranged,normal urea with potassium chloride base-fertilizer and top-dressing which used by farmers was set as a control,fertilizers with different dosage of CRU(135,270,405 kg/hm2)and CRK(90,180,270 kg/hm2)were chosen,the effects of interactive one-time fertilization on soil nutrient supply capacity and peony growth of“Huang Cuiyu”variety were studied.The results showed that the cumulative nitrogen release rate of CRU reached 80%at 84 days in 25℃still water extraction,and the release rate of CRK reached 80%at 112 days,which had superior stable and sustainable nutrient supply capacity.With the same amount of fertilization,compared with farmers'customary fertilization(Control),the content of nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,and available potassium in soil 0—20 cm soil layer was significantly increased by 68.0%~157.8%,46.6%,and 16.1%~122.6%;the same amount of CRF treatment increased the peony plant height by 8.6%,the stem diameters were increased by 25.3%,the flowers per plant number increased by 25.1%.The CRU and CRK treatments had a significant interaction influence for the soil nitrate nitrogen content,peony leaves net photosynthetic rate,intercellular carbon dioxide concentration,and transpiration rate.The optimal amounts of CRU and CRK fertilization of this study were 270 and 90 kg/hm2,respectively.One-time application of CRU and CRK saves time and labor compared with customary fertilization,improves soil fertility,and promotes peony growth,which has higher promotion value in peony planting.