再现•仪式•参与:苏俄节庆表演建构策略

Representation,Ritual and Participation:The Construction Strategies of Public Festivity in Soviet Russia

1920年前后,苏维埃俄国掀起一股节庆表演热潮。"红色节日"当天民众聚集在广场参与庆祝活动。其间,由相关机构和导演负责组织节庆表演,以大型实景戏剧形式再现重要革命历史事件,如1905年"流血星期日"、二月革命、十月革命等。迥异于剧场戏剧,节庆表演被安排在有重大历史意义的公共场所进行,参与者众、规模宏大,是苏俄新兴的文艺形式。节庆表演作为苏俄时期的公共活动,兼具戏剧和政治仪式的特征,其建构策略表现在再现、仪式和参与三方面。

Around 1920 public festivity became the popular form of performance in Soviet Russia. On the "Red Calendar", people gathered in the square to participate in the celebration. The festival performance reproduces important events in the past few years, such as the "Blood Sunday", the February Revolution and the October Revolution. Differing from dramas in theatre, festival performances, as a new form of art in Soviet Russia, are used to be held in a public place with great historical significance. As a public event in Soviet Russia, the public festivity has both the characteristics of drama and of political rituals. This paper examines the construction strategies of public festivity in three aspects: representation, ritual and participation.