黑龙江平山自然保护区不同演替阶段植物群落物种多样性研究

Study on the Species Diversity of Plant Communities at Different Succession Stages in Heilongjiang Pingshan Nature Reserve

在黑龙江省平山省级自然保护区对3种演替阶段植物群落物进行调查,分析其不同群落的物种组成和特征、相对重要值、α多样性和β多样性。研究结果表明:(1)所调查的样地共有107个物种,阔叶混交林调查样地包括33科48属57种,落叶松针阔混交林调查样地包括39科62属75种,红松阔叶林调查样地包括35科51属58种。(2)在相对重要值方面,3种不同植物群落类型的草本层相对重要值在前3的物种中均包含羊胡子苔草,但是在演替变化过程中,羊胡子苔草的相对重要值在逐渐降低,宽叶苔草的相对重要值在逐渐增高,从单一的建群种,增加为多个建群种。在灌木层,毛榛子的相对重要值一直是居于首位,但是在演替过程中重要值呈下降趋势。在乔木层,不同植物群落各有主要优势树种。(3)Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数随演替的进行变化趋势一致。随演替的正向发展,草本层的Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数变化均呈上升趋势,灌木层的Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数均呈先上升后下降的趋势,乔木层的Gleason指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数变化趋势基本一致,均呈先下降后上升的趋势。(4)随着演替的正向发展,3种演替阶段植物群落物的物种种数呈先上升后下降的趋势,与不同演替阶段植物群落总物种的α多样性指数变化趋势基本一致,相似性指数呈逐渐下降的趋势,相异性指数呈先上升后下降的趋势。

In the Pingshan Provincial Nature Reserve of Heilongjiang Province,the plant communities in three succession stages were investigated,and the species composition and characteristics,relative importance values,αdiversity andβdiversity of different communities were analyzed.The research results were as follows:(1)There were 107 species in all the plots surveyed.The broad-leaved mixed forest survey plot includes 33 families,48 genera and 57 species,the larch needle broad-leaved mixed forest survey plot includes 39 families,62 genera and 75 species,and the Korean pine broad-leaved forest survey plot.Including 35 families,51 genera and 58 species.(2)In terms of relative importance,the relative importance of the herb layer of the three different plant community types includes Carex callitrichos in the first 3 species,but in the process of succession change,the relative importance of Carex callitrichos gradually decreased,and the relative importance of Carex siderosticta gradually increased,from a single founding species to multiple founding species.In the shrub layer,the relatively important value of Corylus mandshurica had always been in the first place,but the relatively important value is decreasing during the succession process.In the tree layer,Different plant communities have their own dominant tree species.(3)The Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index,and Pielou index were consistent with the succession.With the development of succession,the Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index,and Pielou index of the herb layer all showed an upward trend,and the Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index,and Pielou index of the shrub layer all increased first and then decreased.The change trends of Gleason index,Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index,and Pielou index in the arbor layer are basically the same,and they all show a downward trend and then an upward trend.(4)With the development of succession,the number of species in the plant community in the three succession stages first increased and then decreased,which was basically consistent with the change trend of theαdiversity index of the total species in the plant community in different succession stages.The similarity index was gradually decreasing,and the dissimilarity index is increasing first and then decreasing.