可行能力视角下乡村旅游的发展变迁与范式研究

Paradigm Research on the Development and Change of Rural Tourism from the Perspective of Capability

纵观国内现代乡村旅游的发展变迁,经历了从乡村扶贫、脱贫到决胜全面建成小康社会的历程。近年来乡村旅游研究主要包括四种范式,即经济解释范式、生态解释范式、文化解释范式和技术分析范式,这些理论范式虽然侧重点各异,但都是以贫困视角下的乡村减贫脱贫作为理论阐释的逻辑起点。当前贫困视角下乡村旅游研究范式存在着理论瓶颈,没有充分体现"以人民为中心"的发展定位和乡村旅游关涉主体日益增长的对于经济、政治、文化、社会、生态的美好生活需要,破解乡村旅游发展的不平衡和不充分问题,需要用可行能力视角超越贫困视角来建立一个乡村旅游发展变迁的解释性框架,以有效回应乡村旅游发展的理论和实践瓶颈。一方面,贫困视角下乡村旅游经历了先前的扶贫减贫实践;另一方面,可行能力视角下乡村旅游在当下和未来则是一个逐步实现乡村精准脱贫、全面小康到美好生活蓝图的逻辑进程。

The development and changes of modern rural tourism in China have experienced the process from rural poverty reduction,poverty alleviation to the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects. In recent years,the study of rural tourism mainly includes four paradigms,namely,the economic interpretation,the ecological interpretation,the cultural interpretation and technical analysis,the theoretical paradigms vary in terms of emphases but they all take the rural poverty reduction and alleviation as the logical starting point of theoretical interpretation. At present,there is a theoretical bottleneck in the research paradigm of rural tourism from the perspective of poverty,including the insufficiency in reflecting the " people-centered" development orientation,the growing needs of the main bodies involved in rural tourism for the economic,political,cultural,social and ecological good life,in order to solve the problem of unbalanced and insufficient development of rural tourism,it requires setting up an interpretive framework of rural tourism development from the perspective of capability,which goes beyond the perspective of poverty,to effectively respond to the theoretical and practical bottlenecks in the development of rural tourism. On the one hand,rural tourism has experienced previous poverty alleviation practices from the poverty perspective;on the other hand,from the perspective of capability,rural tourism is a logical process from precise poverty alleviation,overall well-off to the blueprint of a better life.