《易序》作者问题的回顾与再考察——从白寿彝先生的考辨谈起

Review and Re-examination of the Authorship of the Preface to Yi Jing:From the textual research by BAI Shouyi

通行本《周易本义》(以下简称《本义》)和《周易程氏传》(下文简称《程传》)前各有一篇文字相同的序文,且均无署名,同时《二程集》中也收有此文,这就引发了此序作者究竟是谁以及它何以同时出现在不同著作中这两个疑问。白寿彝先生通过考辨指出此序作者既非程颐也非朱熹,并通过文献流传考察了此文被置于《程传》和《本义》卷首的原因。后来的研究者没有注意到白先生的成果,并且由于在周行己的《浮沚集》中发现了与此序基本相同的一篇文章,因此,后来研究的关注点多在考论此序与程颐及周行己的关系以及进入程集的时间,而未涉及它何以出现在《程传》及《本义》中的原因。回顾白寿彝先生及后来研究者的考辨可以看出,只有同时解决了此序作者是谁以及它何以出现在程集、《程传》和《本义》中这两层疑问,对《易序》作者问题的回答才是周全的。考察清《易序》从妄署、误收到误植的来龙去脉,才能更有效地说明此序作者并非程颐亦非朱熹而是周行己。同时,本问题的考辨方法也揭示出文献考察在思想史研究中的重要作用。

In two popular versions of the Book of Changes:Zhouyibenyi(Annotation on the Book of Changes by ZHU Xi)and Zhouyichengshizhuan(Annotation on the Book of Changes by CHENG Yi),there is an anonymous preface of the same text,also collected in the Erchengji(A Collection by CHENG Hao and CHENG Yi).So it raises two questions that who wrote that preface and why it was compiled in different books.Based on textual research,BAI Shouyi pointed out that its author is neither CHENG Yi nor ZHU Xi,and investigated the reason why it was placed in the preface of Zhouyichengshizhuan and Zhouyibenyi through examining the literature circulation.Later researchers ignored BAI Shouyi s discovery and found an article of almost the same text in Fuzhiji(A Collection by ZHOU Xingji),which is ZHOU Xingji s personal article collection,so most of the later studies focused on the relationship between this preface and CHENG Yi or ZHOU Xingji,and did not explore the reasons why it appeared in Zhouyichengshizhuan and Zhouyibenyi.Reviewing the researches of BAI Shouyi and other researchers,this paper believes that only by solving the two questions,that is,who wrote this preface and why it was compiled in Zhouyichengshizhuan,Zhouyibenyi and Erchegnji,will there be a comprehensive and complete analysis to the authorship.Examination on the whole process of this preface being wrongly signed,incorrectly collected and mistakenly placed can provide a sound foundation to prove the author of this article is ZHOU Xingji rather than CHENG Yi or ZHU Xi.In addition,the textual research method examined in this research also shows the importance of literature investigation in the study of ideological history.