济南药乡林场赤松林、板栗林枯落物持水能力研究

Study on the Water Holding Capacity of Litter of Red Pine Forest and Chestnut Forest in Jinan Yaoxiang Forest Farm

森林面积分别大约占陆地、全球表面积的1/3和1/10。森林同时也是许多环境功能的基础,特别是在保护水资源方面。为了探究针叶林和阔叶林的枯落物吸水持水能力差异,明确不同测试方法对持水特性测试结果的影响,对济南药乡林场的典型针、阔叶林开展泡水法试验和人工模拟降雨试验。本次研究是以济南药乡林场的针叶林赤松以及阔叶林板栗的枯落物作为研究对象,研究提出:①针阔叶林枯落物蓄积量差异显著,且针叶林赤松(36.83±10.92 t/hm^2)>阔叶林板栗(19.22±7.63 t/hm^2)。②针阔叶林枯落物的自然持水量不同,针叶林赤松(14.31%±6.11%)>阔叶林板栗(9.87%±10.90%)。③人工降雨法和泡水法测定的枯落物持水速率均有4个阶段:第1阶段为迅速吸收阶段,第2阶段为缓慢吸收阶段,第3阶段为逐渐饱和阶段,第4阶段为饱和阶段。④人工降雨法得到的有效截流量(赤松6.31 mm,板栗3.18 mm)占泡水法得到的最大持水量(赤松9.37 mm,板栗为3.88 mm)的70%~90%。⑤电镜下解剖叶片的结果表明,针叶林赤松持水能力强。

The forest area accounts for about 1/3 and 1/10 of the land area and global surface area,respectively.Forests are also the basis of many environmental functions,especially in protecting water resources.In order to explore the differences in water absorption and water holding capacity of litter in coniferous and broad-leaved forests,and to clarify the impact of different test methods on the water-holding characteristics test results,a water-bubble method test was carried out on typical needle and broad-leaved forests in Jinan Yaoxiang Forest Farm And artificial rainfall simulation test.This study took the litter of coniferous red pine and chestnut of broad-leaved forest in Jinan Yaoxiang Forest Farm as the research objects.The research proposed:①The difference in litter accumulation of coniferous and broad-leaved forest was significant,and the coniferous forest of red pine(36.83±10.92 t/hm^2)>Chestnut in broad-leaved forest(19.22±7.63 t/hm^2).②The natural water holding capacity of litter in coniferous and broad-leaved forests is different.Coniferous forest red pine(14.31%±6.11%)>broad-leaved forest chestnut(9.87%±10.90%).③The litter holding rate measured by artificial rainfall method and bubble water method has four stages:the first stage is the rapid absorption stage,the second stage is the slow absorption stage,the third stage is the gradual saturation stage,and the fourth The stage is the saturation stage.④The effective intercept flow rate obtained by artificial rainfall method(Red Pine 6.31mm,chestnut 3.18mm)accounts for 70%-90%of the maximum water holding capacity(Red Pine 9.37mm,chestnut is 3.88mm)obtained by the bubble water method.⑤Under the electron microscope The results of dissecting the leaves showed that the coniferous forest has a strong water-holding capacity.