氮肥运筹对宁夏水稻产量及品质的影响

Effect of Nitrogen Application on Yield and Quality of Rice in Ningxia

针对宁夏水稻保墒旱直播和旱直播(播后上水)2种栽培方式,开展不同氮肥运筹对水稻产量及品质影响的研究。结果表明:水稻全生育期施用纯N 270 kg/hm^2、P2O590 kg/hm^2、K2O 45 kg/hm^2,完全能够满足生长发育需要,且没有发生倒伏现象。水稻全生育期氮肥用量比例为基肥30%,分蘖肥30%,有效分蘖终止期25%,倒二叶期10%,始穗期5%,这种肥料运筹方法,可提高水稻产量;后期增加氮肥施用量,能够有效降低旱直播方式水稻垩白粒率,提升水稻外观品质,但对保墒旱直播方式效果不明显。

The effect of different nitrogen application on rice yield and quality were studied under two cultivation conditions:soil moisture conservation and dry direct seeding and dry direct seeding(irrigation after sowing).The results showed that the use of pure N 270 kg/hm^2,P2O590 kg/hm^2 and K2O 45 kg/hm^2 in the whole growth period of rice could fully meet the needs of growth and development without lodging.The fertilizer operations like the use of basic nitrogen fertilizer accounted for 30%,tillering fertilizer 30%,the termination period of valid tillering 25%,the second-top leaf period 10%,and the initial heading stage 5%in the whole growth period of rice could ensure high yield.In the later stage,increasing the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer could effectively reduce the chalk grain rate and improve appearance and quality of rice,but it had no obvious effect on the water conservation.