国家整合与国家建设:向度、功能与途径

National Integration and National Construction: Directions, Functions and Approaches

国家整合作为将国家内部业已分化的要素重新整合成有机整体的过程,在民族国家建设中具有必要性和挑战性。面对国家整合一词在学理层面愈发纷繁复杂的理论内涵,本文试图从向度、功能和途径三方面对其加以基础性阐释。通过对国家权力尤其是国家强制力的运用,利益分配和意识形态等途径,国家整合试图实现在领土内外部分别树立最高政治权威及清晰稳定领土边界的领土一体化,以及缩小政权和统治者距离的精英-群众一体化和实现疆域内部普遍性政治认同的意识形态一体化的三大核心向度。在此基础上,国家整合在延续国家统一和提高国家的基础性能力方面发挥着重要功能。同时,国家整合也旨在回应现代化为政权合法性带来的诸多挑战。

As a process of reintegrating differentiated elements within a state into an organic whole, national integration is not only necessary but challenging. Facing the mixed political phenomena referred by the term "national integration", this thesis aims to explain it from three parts, directions, functions and approaches, which are mainly used in historical and literature research. First, the directions of national integration consist of territorial integration, elite-mass integration and ideological integration. Second, the functions of national integration lie in continuation of the state, improving the basic capabilities of the state and responding to the challenge of modernization. Third, its approaches include the use of state coercive force, interest distribution and ideology.