潮州地区0~3岁婴幼儿维生素A和维生素D营养状况调查分析

Analysis on nutritional status of vitamin A and vitamin D in infants and young children aged 0~3 years in Chaozhou area

目的调查潮州地区0~3岁婴幼儿血清维生素A(VA)和维生素D(VD)的营养状况,分析VA和VD营养状况与呼吸道感染及部分血常规参数的关联性。方法选择2016-01~2017-12在广东省潮州市某医院进行保健和健康体检的683名儿童,收集其一般临床资料,血清VA、VD和血常规检测结果。分析不同年龄段、体质量指数Z分值(BMI-Z)和母乳喂养时长对血清VA、VD的影响,以及VA和VD营养状况与呼吸道感染及部分血常规参数的关联性。结果幼儿组(1~3岁)的VA、VD水平高于婴儿组(<1岁),VA、VD缺乏率、不足率也较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。BMI-Z<1组的VA和VD水平均低于BMI-Z≥1组,VA和VD缺乏率、不足率更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。母乳喂养时长≥6个月组和母乳喂养时长<6个月组的VA、VD水平及VA状态比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);母乳喂养时长≥6个月组VD缺乏率、不足率显著低于母乳喂养时长<6个月组(P<0.05)。VA正常组与VA缺乏/不足组发生呼吸道感染次数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);VD缺乏/不足组发生呼吸道感染次数显著多于VD正常组(P<0.05)。VA正常组血小板水平显著高于VA缺乏/不足组(P<0.05)。VD正常组平均血小板体积显著低于VD缺乏/不足组(P<0.05)。结论潮州地区0~3岁婴幼儿VA、VD缺乏率和不足率较高,营养状况不佳与母乳喂养时间较短可能会导致婴幼儿VA、VD缺乏或不足。VA、VD缺乏和不足可能会通过影响血小板功能导致机体免疫功能下降,而且VD缺乏和不足可能会增加婴幼儿发生呼吸道感染的风险。

Objective To investigate the nutritional status of serum vitamin A(VA)and vitamin D(VD)in infants and young children aged 0~3 years in Chaozhou area,and to analyze the correlation between the nutritional status of VA and VD and respiratory tract infection and some blood routine parameters.Methods Six hundred and eighty-three children who had undergone health care and physical examination in a hospital in Chaozhou City,Guangdong Province from January 2016 to December 2017 were selected,and their general clinical data,serum VA,serum VD and routine blood test results were collected.The effects of different ages,body mass index Z score(BMI-Z)and duration of breastfeeding on serum VA and serum VD,as well as the correlation between nutritional status of VA and VD and respiratory tract infection and some blood routine parameters were analyzed.Results The levels of VA and VD in the young children group(1~3 years)were higher than those in the infant group(<1 year),and the deficiency rate and the insufficience rate were also lower,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of VA and VD in the BMI-Z<1 group were lower than those in the BMI-Z≥1 group,and the deficiency rate and the insufficience rate of VA and VD were higher,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the levels of VA and VD and VA status between the breastfeeding duration≥6 months group and the breastfeeding duration<6 months group(P>0.05).The deficiency rate and the insufficience rate of VD in the breastfeeding duration≥6 months group were significantly lower than those in the breastfeeding duration<6 months group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the number of respiratory tract infection between the normal VA group and the VA deficiency/insufficience group(P>0.05);the number of respiratory tract infection in the VD deficiency/insufficience group was significantly higher than that in the normal VD group(P<0.05).The level of platelet in the normal VA group was significantly higher than that in the VA deficiency/insufficience group(P<0.05).The level of mean platelet volume in the normal VD group was significantly lower than that in the VD deficiency/insufficience group(P<0.05).Conclusion Infants and young children aged 0~3 years in Chaozhou area have higher VA and VD deficiency and insufficience rates.Poor nutritional status and shorter breastfeeding time may cause VA and VD deficiency or insufficience in the infants and young children.The deficiency and insufficience of VA and VD may lead to the decrease of immune function by affecting platelet function,and the deficiency and insufficience of VD may increase the risk of respiratory tract infection in the infants and young children.