蜱与巴贝斯虫之间互作分子的研究进展

RESEARCH PROGRESS IN THE MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TICKS AND BABESIA

蜱(Ticks)是专性吸血的体外寄生虫,其在吸血过程一方面会造成宿主的皮肤损伤和血液流失,另一方面会引起人畜的蜱传病感染,给畜牧业经济和人类健康带来的影响日益严重。巴贝斯虫(Babesia)是由蜱传播的重要血液原虫之一,会引起人和宿主动物发热、贫血、血尿,甚至死亡,严重危害人类健康,阻碍巴贝斯虫在蜱体内的携带和传播是防范人畜感染的第一道屏障。本文综述了蜱-巴贝斯虫相互作用的分子,包括蜱中肠中的线粒体电压依赖性阴离子选择性通道多肽(VDAC)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(cystatin)等分子,卵巢中的免疫亲和素、卵黄蛋白原受体等分子,以及巴贝斯虫的转甲基酶、HAP2等,以期为后续蜱-巴贝斯虫的互作机制研究提供参考,进一步为蜱和巴贝斯虫疫苗和药物的研发提供信息和基础。

Ticks are obligate blood-sucking ectoparasites with various species and wide distribution.Blood-sucking not only causes skin damage and blood loss but also leads to tick-borne diseases,which severely impacts animal husbandry and human health.Therefore,attention has been increasingly paid to the prevention and control of ticks worldwide.Babesia is one of the most important blood protozoa transmitted by ticks,which can cause serious symptoms and threat human health.The first step to protect humans and animals from infection is to prevent the carrying and transmission of Babesia in ticks.This paper summarizes the identified tick-Babesia interaction molecules,including VDAC,cystatin,subolesin and other molecules in tick midgut,immunophilins and vitellogenin receptors in the ovaries,methyltransferase and HAP2 in Babesia etc.,providing the basic information for the development of vaccines and drugs against ticks and Babesia infection.