基于亚米级遥感影像的辽河流域片枯水期河流干涸断流分布特征

Spatial distribution of dry river beds in Liaohe River Basin in dry season-sub-meter remote sensing images

"水十条"指出要维持河湖基本生态用水需求,重点保障枯水期生态基流.为了掌握辽河流域片枯水期河流水资源状况,本文利用亚米级高分辨率遥感影像,获取了辽河流域片2018年枯水期河流干涸断流位置、干涸长度和干涸比等信息,并从空间分布、河流级别、国考断面、干涸原因等方面进行了分析.结果表明:辽河流域片枯水期河流干涸断流情况较严重,区域上呈现自东向西逐渐加重的分布特点,中小河流干涸断流问题比较突出,部分国考断面处河流干涸断流;气候因素和人类活动共同作用导致河流干涸断流问题严重.建议加强水资源调度管理,利用卫星遥感等先进科技手段开展监测监管,保障河流生态流量,维护水生态环境健康.

The Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution demands that the basic ecological water demand of rivers and lakes should be maintained,especially the ecological base flow in dry season.To study river water resources of Liaohe River Basin during the dry season of 2018,sub-meter resolution satellite images were examined to obtain information for the location,length and ratio of dried up river beds.Spatial distribution,river grades,state control sections and drying-up reasons were characterized.Drying-up in the study area was found serious in dry season,with an increasing trend from east to west.Small and medium rivers were found to be more serious in drying-up.Some state control sections also dried in dry season.The dry-up in river beds was caused by climate factors and human activities.Management of water resources should be strengthened,monitoring and supervision should be carried out by means of satellite remote sensing and other advanced scientific and technological measures,so as to ensure the ecological base flow of rivers and maintain water ecosystem health.