女性工资收入水平对二孩生育意愿的影响效应研究

Research on the effect of female wage income level on the second child’s fertility desire

全面放开二孩政策以来,解除了人口政策的限制,但社会生育危机依然没有得到缓解。虽然大量学者通过实证研究影响生育意愿因素,但很少有研究聚焦女性视角进行探讨。基于中国综合社会调查(2015)数据,实证研究结果表明:高工资收入水平女性群体具有较强的二孩生育意愿,但同时也面临着机会成本较大的问题。同时一些个体特征也会影响其生育二孩的意愿,如教育程度越高会减弱二孩生育意愿;党员比非党员的生育二孩意愿要高;非农业户口女性群体的生育二孩意愿显著低于农业户口;此外,家庭人口规模也会对二孩生育意愿产生显著影响。据此,应积极推进法律的完善、政策的实施和观念的转变,逐步提高社会女性工资收入水平并充分保障女性生育权益,来缓解生育率不断下降的危机。

Since the"two-child policy"was fully liberalized,restrictions on population policies have been lifted,but the social fertility crisis has not been alleviated.Although a large number of scholars have empirically studied the factors that affect fertility willingness,few studies have focused on the female perspective.The main research object of this article is working women.Based on the data of China Comprehensive Social Survey(2015),the empirical research results show that:female groups with high wages and incomes have a strong desire to give birth to two children,but they also face the problem of greater opportunity cost.At the same time,some individual characteristics will also affect their willingness to have a second child.For example,higher education level will weaken the second child’s willingness to give birth;party members have a higher willingness to give birth to second children than non-party members;for agricultural hukou;in addition,the size of the family population will also have a significant impact on the second child’s fertility will.Based on this,this article believes that it is necessary to actively promote the improvement of laws,the implementation of policies and the transformation of concepts,and gradually increase the level of women’s wages and incomes in society and fully protect the rights of women’s reproductive rights,so as to alleviate the declining birth rate crisis.