基于“三生空间”演化模拟的村庄类型识别研究——以湖南省常宁市为例

Study on Village Type Identification Based on Spatial Evolution and Simulation of“Production-Living-Ecological Space”:A Case Study of Changning City in Hunan Province

研究目的:以湖南省常宁市为例,探索南方丘陵山地区村庄类型的定量识别路径,为新时代国土空间规划体系下科学编制村庄规划和开展乡村振兴工作提供参考。研究方法:空间叠加分析、重心迁移模型、标准差椭圆和FLUS模型。研究结果:(1)研究区2010—2018年农业生产空间重心总体表现为向东迁移的趋势,非农生产—生活空间扩张迅速致使东北部的人地关系较为紧张,生态空间离散度较高且其重心有向西北挪移的迹象;(2)FLUS模型能对研究区村庄未来土地利用情景进行较好的模拟,模拟结果显示在空间规划约束下2025年建设用地斑块的空间聚合度显著提升;(3)常宁市村庄类型识别结果表明,城郊融合类和集聚提升类村庄主要集中在县城周边,相对稳定类呈环状围绕于外,搬迁撤并类多位于省级自然保护区内和湘江沿岸。研究结论:县域“三生空间”分布格局是村庄类型识别的重要参考因素,应进一步揭示全域村庄类型的空间分异特征和空间演变规律,以科学引导村庄规划的编制实施以及村庄产业结构的优化调整。

The purpose of the paper is to explore the quantitative recognition path of village types in hilly and mountainous areas in southern China,so as to provide a reference for scientifically preparing village planning and enforcing rural revitalization under the new era of territorial space planning system,by taking Changning City in Hunan Province as an example.The research methods include spatial overlay analysis,gravity migration model,standard deviation ellipse tool and FLUS model.The results show that:1)the center of gravity of agricultural production space generally showed a trend of eastward migration in Changning City from 2010 to 2018;the rapid expansion of nonagricultural production-living space caused the tension between land and human in the northeast;ecological space had a high degree of dispersion and its center of gravity was shifting to the northwest.2)FLUS model can better simulate future land-use scenarios in the village.Simulation results show that the spatial aggregation degree of construction land patches will significantly increase in 2025 under the constraints of spatial planning.3)Village type identification results show that the suburban integration villages and agglomerated villages are mainly concentrated around the county center in Changning City,and the relatively stable villages are looped around the outside of the county center.Most of the relocated villages are located in provincial nature reserves or along the Xiangjiang River.In conclusion,the distribution pattern of“production-living-ecological space”at the county level is an important reference factor for village type identification.The spatial differentiation characteristics and spatial evolution laws of village types in the whole region should be further investigated to scientifically guide the preparation and implementation of village planning and the optimization and adjustment of village industrial structure.