上帝之城和世俗之城——从爱与正义的视角理解奥古斯丁政治哲学

The City of God and the City of the World——Understanding of Augustine’s political philosophy from the Perspective of Love and Justice

奥古斯丁的政治哲学可从爱和正义两个维度来理解,由于他的政治哲学融合了基督教思想,所以对爱和正义的解读也要放在基督教的背景下来考究。奥古斯丁的正义观是关于正确的爱之秩序的问题,是一个神学的概念,它暗示了人和上帝之间的关系,即人是否虔诚地信仰的问题。爱在奥古斯丁的政治哲学中占据重要的位置,构成了其政治哲学的核心部分:爱既决定了人会处于何种秩序之中,也决定了他会处于什么样的“城”之中,所以爱是比正义更为重要的东西。因此爱与正义构成了“两城”的基础:由邻人之爱和正义组成的上帝之城和由贪爱和不义构成的世俗之城。

Augustine’s political philosophy can be understood from the two dimensions of love and justice.Because his political philosophy integrates Christian thought,the interpretation of love and justice should also be studied under the background of Christianity.Augustine’s view of justice is about the correct order of love.It is a theological concept that implies the relationship between man and God.In another word,it discussed whether man believes piously in the God.Love occupies an important position in Augustine’s political philosophy and forms the core part of his political philosophy.Love determines not only what order a man will be in,but also what kind of city he will be in,so love is more important than justice.Love and justice form the foundation of the two cities——the city of God which is composed of the love of neighbors and justice,and the city of greedy love and injustice.