植物去甲基化酶ROS1的研究进展

Research Progress of Demethylase ROS1 in Plants

DNA甲基化状态是由从头合成的甲基化、维持型甲基化和DNA主动去甲基化动态调控的结果,由不同调节途径靶向各种酶的催化。5-甲基胞嘧啶DNA糖基化酶/裂解酶ROS1(REPRESSOR OF SILENCING1)是一种DNA去甲基化酶,能够通过启动碱基切除修复途径完成DNA主动去甲基化。介绍了植物中DNA主动去甲基化途径中的去甲基化酶和调节因子;ROS1介导的DNA主动去甲基化的途径;DNA主动去甲基化酶ROS1在各种植物不同发育过程中的作用,包括负调控印记基因表达和种子休眠、调控水稻籽粒品质、影响植物气孔发育等。

DNA methylation status is the result of de novo synthesis of methylation,maintenance methylation and dynamic demethylation of DNA,and is catalyzed by various regulatory pathways targeting various enzymes.5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylase/lyase ROS1(Repressor of Silencing1)is a DNA demethylase that can initiate DNA active targeting by initiating a base excision repair pathway.In this review,we describe demethylases and regulatory factors for active DNA demethylation in plants,ROS1-mediated DNA demethylation,the roles of DNA active demethylase ROS1 in different plant development processes,including negative regulation of imprinted gene expression and seed dormancy,regulation of rice grain quality,and affecting plant stomatal development.