新生儿语音感知的神经基础:元分析

The brain mechanism of speech perception in newborns:A meta-analysis

语言习得能力是人类在进化中获得的重要能力之一。语言认知的核心功能是语音加工,因此,语音加工的脑机制是认知心理学研究的重要课题。我们采用元分析方法,对使用近红外技术考察新生儿语音感知的结构检测、偏差检测和母语感知的研究进行系统的定量分析,探究新生儿的典型语音感知脑机制以及这三类语音加工相关脑区的异同。结果显示,左侧额下回是新生儿检测语音结构的关键脑区;双侧颞叶在新生儿语音偏差刺激检测中发挥关键作用;新生儿的母语语音加工存在左侧化优势。

Speech processing is the core function of language cognition,and the brain mechanism of speech processing are an important topic in linguistics and cognitive psychology.However,it is unclear that how the newborn's brain perceives speech.The purpose of this review is to investigate the brain mechanism of speech perception in newborns.We found that human beings have a relatively well-developed speech processing mechanism during the neonatal period.While the left frontal lobe(especially the inferior frontal gyrus)plays an important role in detecting speech structure,the bilateral temporal lobes are responsible for detecting speech deviation.In addition,the left hemisphere has an advantage in mother tongue perception.