穿套式和缠绕式辅助勺及手部功能锻炼在老年病人自主进食中的应用

Effect of auxiliary spoons and functional exercise of hands on self-feeding in elderly patients

目的观察缠绕式和穿套式辅助勺对老年病人自主进食及手部功能锻炼的影响。方法选择48例不能手持普通饭勺进食的老年病人,给予辅助勺进食并行手部功能锻炼。干预前后病人均接受系列量表评估。结果使用辅助勺后,病人微型营养评估量表(mini nutritional assessment,MNA)评分由使用前(17.7±2.78)分提高到(25.33±1.72)分;汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA)评分由(10.96±2.66)分降低至(6.33±2.00)分;简体中文版进食行为量表(eating behavior scale,EBS)评分由(12.66±1.68)分提高至(15.33±1.74)分;自主进食时间由(12.29±2.47)min提高到(20.18±3.61)min,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。此外,使用辅助勺进食显著改善老年病人及照护者对护理的满意度(P<0.005)。结论使用辅助勺进食可有效减少老年病人营养不良风险,减轻病人焦虑程度,改善病人自主进食能力,提高病人及照护者的满意度,具有一定的临床应用价值。

Objective To investigate the effect of auxiliary spoons and functional exercise of hands on self-feeding in the elderly patients.Methods A total of 48 cases of elderly inpatients who were difficult in self-feeding with general spoons were enrolled.Both auxiliary spoons and functional exercise of hands were applied in all cases.All the patients were assessed by mini nutritional assessment(MNA),Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA),eating behavior scale(EBS)and nursing satisfaction questionnaire(NSQ)before and after intervention.Results After using auxiliary spoons,the score of MNA raised from 17.7±2.78 to 25.33±1.72(P<0.001),the score of HAMA decreased from 10.96±2.66 to 6.33±2.00(P<0.001),the score of EBS increased from 12.66±1.68 to 15.33±1.74(P<0.01),while the duration of self-feeding postponed increased from 12.29±2.47 min to 20.18±3.61 min(P<0.01).In addition,the nursing satisfaction was improved in both patients and caregivers(P<0.05).Conclusions The application of auxiliary spoons and functional exercise of hands to the elderly with difficulty in selffeeding by general spoons could decrease the risk of malnutrition,relieve the degree of anxiety,improve the ability of self-feeding,and also improve nursing satisfaction of both patients and caregivers.