家政工作的非标准雇佣关系及其非正规性——基于英文文献的回顾

Nonstandard Employment Relationship and Its Informality of Domestic Work:Based on English Literature Review

雇佣关系与家政工作分属于不同的研究领域。本文旨在回溯英文文献中有关家政工作和雇佣关系的主要研究,在女性主义家政工作研究的基础上纳入制度视角,试图勾勒家政工作非标准雇佣关系的整体图景,并解释非正规雇佣的形成机制。本文指出,家政工作形成了私人关系、生意契约、科层管理和平台经济四种不同的非标准雇佣关系模式。家政工作的非正规雇佣受到文化、制度、组织空间和行动机制的共同作用,它们通过不同的运作方式塑造工作的非正规性。本文不仅有助于丰富对家政工作独特雇佣关系的理解,也能够为中国家政服务的产业化进程提供政策借鉴。

Employment relations and domestic work come from separate research traditions. Based on the feminist approach,this review incorporates the institutional perspective. By connecting the main research on domestic work and employment relations in English literature,the paper aims to outline the overall picture of nonstandard employment relationship of domestic work and explore the mechanisms of its informality. Four types of nonstandard employment relationship models can be found in domestic work,which are personal relations,business contract,bureaucratic management and platform economy. It argues that domestic work is made informal through four intersecting driving forces,here identified as cultural,institutional,organizational and spatial mechanisms and agents. They shape the informal employment in different functions. This research not only helps to enrich the understanding of the distinct employment relationship of domestic work,but also has its policy implications for industrialization of domestic service sector in China.