农地流转、非农就业与易地扶贫搬迁脱贫效益

Land Transfer,Non-agricultural Employment and Benefits of Relocation for Poverty Alleviation

土地是农户重要的生计资本,土地问题是易地扶贫搬迁后续扶持工作中的关键,关乎脱贫成效。基于理性选择理论和"推-拉"理论,本文采用重庆酉阳11个易地扶贫搬迁安置点的数据,从搬迁户的视角出发探讨农地流转对易地扶贫搬迁户脱贫的促进作用。研究发现,农地流转能够通过为搬迁户带来土地租金收入、促进家庭生产要素优化和劳动力合力配置正向促进搬迁户脱贫,非农就业这个逻辑中发挥中介作用,村干部政策执行则在农地流转和非农就业之间起调节作用。在易地扶贫搬迁后续帮扶过程中,要激活农村土地市场,促进土地要素合理流动,加大村干部主动执行政策的力度,不断带动搬迁户非农就业,夯实永续脱贫之本。

Land is an important livelihood capital for farmers,how to deal with it is the key to the follow-up support work for the relocation for poverty alleviation,which is important for poverty removal. Based on the Rational Choice Theory and the Push and Pull Theory,this paper uses the survey data from 11 resettlement sites for poverty alleviation in Youyang County of Chongqing to analyze the impacts of land transfer on poverty alleviation for relocated households. The study showed that land transfer could positively promote the poverty alleviation of the relocated households by bringing rental income to the relocated households,by promoting the optimization of the family’ s production factors,and by the joint allocation of labor force. Non-agricultural employment played an intermediary role,and policy implementation by village cadres plays a mediating role in land transfer and nonagricultural employment. It is necessary to activate the rural land market,promote the rational flow of land elements,strengthen the efforts of village cadres to actively implement policies,continue to drive non-agricultural employment for relocated households,and consolidate the foundation for sustainable poverty alleviation in the process of follow-up support work for the relocation for poverty alleviation.