专家辅助人制度的改进及评析——基于《人民法院办理刑事案件第一审普通程序法庭调查规程(试行)》的研究

Improvement and Analysis of Criminal Expert Assistant System—Research Based on the“Rules of the People’s Court for the Investigation of First Instance Ordinary Procedure of Criminal Cases(Trial)”

最高人民法院颁布实施的《人民法院办理刑事案件第一审普通程序法庭调查规程(试行)》对我国刑事诉讼中专家辅助人制度进行了较大幅度的完善,包括赋予法官依职权聘请专家辅助人的权力、确定专家辅助人意见的法律效力、完善专家辅助人出庭质证规则等多个方面。然专家辅助人资格抽象化、专家辅助人启动程序行政化、辩方专家辅助人立场偏颇化、专家辅助人参与时间的滞后性及其权利与责任的极度简约性等根本性问题,依然缺乏制度层面的回应,这是影响当前我国刑事诉讼中专家辅助人制度实践运作的主要原因。有鉴于此,刑事司法应当对专家辅助人制度上述各个方面进行整体性与系统化的设计。

The Investigation Rules of the People’s Court for the Investigation of First Instance Ordinary Procedure of Criminal Cases(Trial)has greatly improved the criminal expert assistant system in China,including giving judges the power to hire expert assistant according to their authority,determining the legal effect of expert assistant’s opinions,improving the rules of expert assistant’s cross examination in court,etc.However,the fundamental problems,such as the qualification of expert assistant,the starting procedure of expert assistant,the biased position of defense expert assistant,the lag of expert assistant’s participation time and the extreme simplicity of rights and responsibilities still lack the response from the system level,which is the main factor that affects the current practice of criminal expert assistant system in China.In the view of this,criminal justice should design the system of expert assistant comprehensively and systematically regarding the above aspects.