听说示证的类型及其语义特征——以藏缅语、南岛语为例

Typological Significance of Hearsay Evidentials and Their Semantic Features:A Case Study of Some Tibeto-Burman and Austronesian Languages

本文考察听说示证作为语法范畴在中国境内藏缅语、南岛语中的类型及其语义特征。藏缅语具有间接、引用、报道等示证,南岛语只有报道示证;藏缅语分二手信息和三手信息,南岛语不区分;藏缅语听说示证的语法手段有添加附缀、词缀和小品词,南岛语则只添加附缀示证标记;南岛语有非命题性听说示证,藏缅语没有;藏缅语和南岛语的听说示证都有语法义和语用义。

This paper examines the typological significance of hearsay evidentials and their semantic characteristics in some Tibeto-Burman and Austronesian languages.Tibeto-Burman languages have indirect,quotative and reported evidentials,distinguish secondhand and thirdhand information,and express these evidentials via affixes,clitics and particles.Austronesian languages have the reported evidential indicated by clitics and possess non-propositional evidentials.Both Tibeto-Burman and Austronesian languages convey the grammatical and pragmatic meanings while expressing hearsay evidentials.