室内环境养蛹预测柑橘大实蝇成虫发生期

Forecasting eclosion dynamics of Chinese citrus fly based on pupal rearing under indoor environment

柑橘大实蝇Bactrocera minax是为害我国柑橘类果树的重要害虫。准确地预测柑橘大实蝇的羽化动态,对提高其成虫时期的防治效果具有重要意义。本试验以石门县为例,在2014年-2016年连续3年采用室内环境和柑橘园观察圃中养蛹的方法,逐日观察其羽化出土动态,计算室内环境较柑橘园观察圃中柑橘大实蝇羽化盛期的提前程度,并分析温度、湿度和降雨量等环境因素对提前程度的影响。结果显示,柑橘大实蝇的羽化出土动态受到温度、降水等环境因素的综合影响,温度较高降水充足的年份,成虫的羽化进度和羽化周期相应提前和缩短。但室内环境下柑橘大实蝇羽化盛期较柑橘园观察圃中具有相对稳定的提前天数,2014年-2016年室内环境下柑橘大实蝇羽化的始盛日、高峰日和盛末日分别比柑橘园观察圃中相应时期提前(5.7±1.2)d、(6.3±1.9)d和(7.7±2.1)d。而且提前程度不受温度、湿度和降雨量等环境因素的影响。因此,室内环境养蛹的方法可较为准确地预测柑橘大实蝇的羽化动态,从而指导柑橘大实蝇的成虫诱杀。

The Chinese citrus fly Bactrocera minax causes serious damages to citrus in China.The forecast of eclosion dynamics of the citrus fruit fly is important for improving the control effect of this insect pest.In the three years from 2014 to 2016,we observed the eclosion dynamics of adults in Shimen county under indoor environment and in the observation nursery of orangery,calculated the interval days of eclosion under indoor environment and in orangery and analyzed the impact of environmental factors such as temperature,humidity and rainfall on the interval(days)of eclosion.The results showed that the eclosion dynamics of Chinese citrus fly was affected by environmental factors.When the temperature was high and the precipitation was sufficient,the eclosion progress of the adults would be advanced.However,the interval(days)of eclosion in indoor environment and orangery was relatively stable;the interval days for the start,peak and end of eclosion peak period from 2014 to 2016 were(5.7±1.2)days,(6.3±1.9)days and(7.7±2.1)days,respectively.Moreover,the interval days were not affected by environmental factors such as temperature,average relative humidity and total rainfall.Therefore,the method of pupal rearing in indoor environment can accurately predict the eclosion dynamics of the citrus fruit fly and thus provide guidance for the control of adult flies.