社会保障高质量发展:理论内涵、评价指标、困境分析与路径选择

High-quality Development of Social Security:Theoretical Connotation,Evaluation Index,Dilemma Analysis and Path Choice

社会保障高质量发展,在微观上体现为要确保人人享有社会保障、满足人们的基本生活需要;在中观上要重视城乡统筹、区域统筹、人群统筹,将社会保障资源配置到最需要的地方;在宏观上,要求社会保障多层次、可持续发展。经过几十年的发展,我国社会保障在数量扩张方面表现突出,但仍然存在质量欠缺问题,主要体现在社会保障全民覆盖尚未到位、社会保障的“保基本”仍显不足、社会保障发展的不平衡性问题突出、多层次社会保障体系存在短板、社会保障可持续性令人担忧、社会保障主体权责不清。因此,应在实现全民覆盖和兜住民众基本生活需要的基础上,进一步发挥社会保障促进社会公平的作用,构建权责清晰、多层次的社会保障制度,以实现更均衡、更充分和更可持续的发展。

On the micro level,the high-quality development of social security is based on ensuring that everyone is entitled to social security and meeting people’s basic living needs.On the medium level,we must pay attention to urban and rural coordination,regional coordination,and crowd coordination,and allocate social security resources to the places where they are most needed;on the macro level,it requires multi-level and sustainable development of social security.After decades of development and reform,China’s social security is outstanding in terms of quantitative expansion,however,it still suffers from a lack of quality,which is mainly reflected in several aspects:the universal coverage of social security is not yet in place,the basic security is insufficient,the imbalance of social security development is prominent,there are shortcomings in the multi-level social security system,the sustainability is worrying,the rights and responsibilities of social security subjects is unclear.Therefore,we should pursuit universal coverage and satisfy the basic needs of the people,give full play to the positive incentives of the social security for social equity,construct a multi-level social security system with clear rights and responsibilities,so as to achieve more balanced,full and sustainable development of social security.