经济决定论的历史唯物主义评判

Judgment of Economic Determinism from Historical Materialism

“经济决定论”或“经济唯物主义”思潮始于第二国际,时下仍存有类似观点。“经济决定论”几乎成了历史唯物主义挥之不去的“误读”。理论上,“经济决定论”作为一种基于传统哲学进路理解人类历史的理论模式,诉诸“基础主义”和“还原论”的思维方式,机械地解读经济基础和上层建筑的关系,强调经济因素的唯一决定性。实践中,“经济决定论”的教条主义倾向,切割理论和实践,将历史唯物主义异化为一种“旁观的实证科学”,遮蔽了历史唯物主义的价值立场,妨碍革命实践甚至走向革命运动的反面。因此,有必要从学理上反思和揭示“经济决定论”的本质,澄清历史唯物主义理论的真实原貌。

“Economic determinism”or“economic materialism”emerged in the Second International,and there are still similar views today.“Economic determinism”has almost become a habitual“misreading”of historical materialism.Theoretically,“economic determinism”is a theoretical model to understand human history on the basis of the traditional philosophical approach.It resorts to the thinking mode of“fundamentalism”and“reductionism,”mechanically interprets the relationship between economic foundation and superstructure,and emphasizes economic factors as the only decisive ones.In practice,the dogmatic tendency of economic determinism separates theory from practice,alienates historical materialism into a kind of“bystander empirical science,”conceals the value position of historical materialism,hinders revolutionary practice and even goes to the opposite side of the revolutionary movement.Therefore,it is necessary to reflect on and reveal the essence of economic determinism from the perspective of theory,and clarify the truth of historical materialism.