欧亚草原的生态作用、环境危机及合作保护

Ecological Importance, Environmental Crisis and Cooperative Protection of the Eurasian Steppe

欧亚草原是全球面积最大的、连续分布的草原地带,为人类社会提供了重要的生态系统服务。同时,欧亚草原也是全球遭受环境压力最大的陆地生态系统之一,强烈的人为干扰使其退化态势日趋严重。而目前有关欧亚草原生态状况的综合分析和研究十分有限,直接影响到对其宝贵生态资源的有效保护和可持续利用。文中综述了欧亚草原多样性概况及其生态作用和面临的威胁等方面的研究进展,并结合"一带一路"倡议的背景,提出保护欧亚草原的近期工作重点和联合保护行动的重要性,以期为欧亚草原保护、管理和决策提供建议与参考。

The Eurasian steppe is the largest continuous temperate grassland in the world, which provides important ecosystem services to humans. Meanwhile, it is one of the terrestrial ecosystems that are under the substantial environment pressure due to strong anthropogenic disturbances. However, there are limited synthetic analyses and studies on the ecological condition of the Eurasian steppe, which put constrains on the effective protection and sustainable utilization of natural resources provided by the Eurasian steppe. The paper reviews the research progress in the diversity of the Eurasian steppe as well as the ecological roles and the threats faced. In the context of "Belt and Road" Initiative, it stresses the recent priority work and the importance of joint protection actions, with the expectation to provide the suggestions and references to the conservation, management and decision-making of the Eurasian steppe.