资源型城市转型与企业全要素生产率

Research on Transformation of Resource-based Cities and Total Factor Productivity of Enterprises

提高全要素生产率是资源型城市高质量发展的动力源泉,但鲜有学者就资源型城市转型政策对企业生产率的影响及其作用机制进行考证。基于中国工业企业数据进行匹配,采用“无条件分布特征—参数对应”方法,从企业技术进步和低效率企业淘汰两个角度探究资源型城市转型对企业全要素生产率的影响。研究结果表明:(1)转型前资源型城市更低的企业生产率水平源于较弱的技术进步和低效率企业淘汰效应;(2)资源型城市转型通过淘汰低效率企业和促进技术进步并存的方式,提高企业生产率水平;(3)与技术进步对生产率的贡献相比,淘汰效应对生产率增长的贡献相对较小,但忽略淘汰效应则会高估技术进步效应对生产率的作用;(4)技术进步效应和淘汰效应在东部城市和高执行力资源型城市以及低技术行业作用更明显,高污染行业的淘汰效应更强,但技术进步效应却较弱。经过一系列稳健性检验后,结论依然成立。

Improving total factor productivity is the driving force for high-quality development of resource-based cities,but few scholars have examined the impact of the transformation policy of resource-based cities on enterprise productivity and its mechanism of action.Based on the matching data of Chinese industrial enterprises from 1998 to 2013,this paper adopts the method of"unconditional distribution-parameter correspondence"to explore the impact of resource-based city transformation on the total factor productivity of enterprises from the perspectives of technological progress of enterprises and elimination of inefficient enterprises.The results show that:(1)The lower productivity of enterprises in resource-based cities before transit results from the poor technological progress and the weak elimination of inefficient enterprises.(2)The transformation of resource-based cities improves the productivity of enterprises by eliminating inefficient enterprises and promoting technological progress as well.(3)Compared with the contribution of technological progress to productivity,the contribution of elimination effect to productivity growth is relatively small.However the effect of technological progress on productivity will be overestimated if ignoring the elimination effect.(4)The effects of technological progress and elimination are more obvious in the eastern cities and high-performing resource-based cities and low-tech industries,while the high-polluting industries show a stronger elimination effect but a weaker effect of technological progress.The conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests.