不同基肥施用方法对烤烟产质量的影响

Effects of different application methods of basic fertilizer on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco

为了研究不同基肥施用方法对烤烟产质量的影响,在等施肥量条件下,采取单沟条施、宽带条施、穴底环施、101施肥4种不同的基肥施用方法进行田间随机区组试验,考察了云烟87品种不同施肥方法的用工成本、烟叶田间生长状况、烤后烟叶外观质量、化学成分协调性及经济性状。结果表明,基肥宽带条施法有利于烟株早生快发,能够提高烟叶产质量,改善烟叶化学成分协调性,且施肥成本较低,值得全面推广应用;基肥穴底环施方法和"101"施肥方法有利于提高烟叶均价和上等烟叶比例,改善烟叶质量,但不利于早生快发,产量较低,施肥成本高,难于推广;单沟条施基肥方法的烤烟产量、产值较高,施肥成本低,但均价低,不利于提高烟叶质量,且化学成分协调性较差。

To study the effects of different application methods of basic fertilizer on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco,four different basic fertilizer application methods,namely single furrow strip application,wide strip application,hole bottom ring applica⁃tion and“101”fertilizer application method,were adopted to carry out field randomized block experiment under the condition of equal amount of fertilizers.The labor cost of different fertilizer application methods for Yunyan87 varieties,field growth status of to⁃bacco leaves,appearance quality of cured tobacco leaves,coordination of chemical components and economic characteristics were studied.The results show that broad band application of basic fertilizer is beneficial to the early growth and rapid development of tobacco plants,can improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves,improve the coordination of chemical components of tobacco leaves and has low fertilization cost,so it is worthy of comprehensive promotion and application.Base fertilizer hole bottom ring application method and“101”fertilizer application method are beneficial to increase the average price of tobacco leaves,the proportion of superior tobacco leaves and improve the quality of tobacco leaves,but are not conducive to early growth and rapid development,low yield,high fertilizer application cost and difficult to popularize.The method of applying basic fertilizer in single furrow strip has high yield and output value and low fertilizer application cost,but the average price is low and it is not conducive to improving the quality of tobacco leaves and the coordination of chemical components is poor.