内燃机曲轴锻件模具设计与数控加工

Crankshaft Forging Die Design and NC Machining for Internal Combustion Engine

曲轴是内燃机内部承受冲击载荷的重要零件之一,在高速运行时需承受较大弯曲、扭转、剪切等应力变化,因而要求曲轴具有良好的力学性能,且在尺寸精度、粗糙度及重量公差方面也有严格要求。针对曲轴锻件的结构特点、技术要求以及工作条件,选择采用无余量精密锻造工艺加工曲轴。论文结合UG软件在模具零件建模和数控加工方面的强大功能,通过对数控加工工艺分析,完成曲轴锻件的建模、数控加工、仿真校验以及后处理的全套加工工艺设计,对加工工艺参数及走刀轨迹进行优化,生成合理的刀路轨迹,制作出合格的曲轴模具。生产实践证明该模具锻造的曲轴质量良好、生产效率较高,适合大批量生产。

The crankshaft is one of the most important parts of internal combustion engine under impact load,which can bear large bending,torsion,shear and other stress changes at high speed operation. The crankshaft is required to bear a large impact load when running at high speed. Therefore,the crankshaft is required to have good mechanical properties and strict requirements on dimensional accuracy,roughness and weight tolerance. According to the structural characteristics,technical requirements and working conditions of crankshaft forgings,the non-excess precision forging process is selected to process the connecting rod. In this paper,according to the powerful functions of UG software in modeling and NC machining of mold parts,numerical control machining process is analyzed,and the software is used to build the model of crankshaft forgings,numerical control machining,simulation and verification,as well as a complete set of post-processing process design. Finally,the processing parameters and the tool path are optimized to generate a reasonable tool path. The die of crankshaft is produced. The production practice proved that the crankshaft forged by the die has good quality,high production efficiency and is suitable for mass production.