固体酸催化烯烃叠合技术研究进展

THE STATUS OF SOLID ACID CATALYST ON OLIGOMERIZATION OF LIGHT OLEFINS

随着我国炼油工艺和汽油池结构的不断调整,通过烯烃叠合反应将C4烯烃转化为高辛烷值清洁汽油组分的技术得到快速发展,其中固体酸催化剂在烯烃叠合工艺中应用最广泛。简单介绍烯烃叠合技术原料来源及加工路径,总结目前应用广泛的各类固体酸催化剂使用情况,主要包括固体磷酸、酸性树脂、分子筛、白土、杂多酸、磺化金属氧化物以及金属/酸载体负载型催化剂等,结合固体酸催化剂反应机理发现,分子筛催化剂由于孔道和酸性可调、易再生、无污染、活性高等特点,具备广阔的市场应用前景。

With the continuous optimization of China’s refining process and gasoline pool composition,the conversion of C4 olefins into clean gasoline with high octane number by oligomerization reaction has been developed rapidly,with solid acid as most widely used catalyst.The source of raw materials and processing route of olefins were briefly introduced with the applications of various kinds of solid acid catalysts being summarized in this paper,mainly including solid phosphoric acid,acid resin,zeolite,clay,heteropoly acid,sulfonated metal oxide and metal/acid supported catalysts,etc.The mechanism of carbon ion reaction over solid acid catalyst was also summarized.It was found that among these catalysts,zeolites has the advantages of adjustable pore and acidity,easy regeneration,no pollution and high activity,which have more industrial application potentials in the future.