论清史编修与逊清遗老群体的分化

The Writing of History of the Qing Dynasty and the Division among Surviving Adherents of the Qing

1914年民国政府开立清史馆编修清史。一些遗老出于现实需要,逐渐改变拒绝与民国政府合作的态度,进入清史馆参加编修清史。一部分遗老则认为清史编修是对清廷的不尊重,因此拒绝参与,亦借此表达与民国政府的不合作态度,并对《清史稿》最终版本的形成产生了很大影响。由于清史编修象征清朝国祚的终结,因而逊清皇室不仅拒绝配合清史编修,而且对参加清史编修的遗老采取排斥的态度,不仅使清史馆遗老与逊清王室关系紧张,还造成了逊清遗老群体的分化。虽然最终形成的《清史稿》因为种种原因错谬较多,质量不高,并且以美化清朝为基调,但是历时十三年的清史编修工作不仅消磨了参编遗老们的岁月和精力,也抵消了他们对民国政府的抗拒之心。

In 1914,government of the Republic of China established the Qingshiguan to write the official history of the Qing dynasty.Although for practical reasons,some who remained loyal to the Qing no longer refused to cooperate with the government and joined the Qingshiguan to participate in the work,others took the writing of Qing history as disrespect for the Qing rulers and thus refused to participate.The latter had a great influence on the final version of the Draft of History of Qing.Because the writing of history symbolized the end of the Qing monarchy,the abdicated Qing imperial house,while refusing to cooperate,rejected those who had served the former Qing government but participated in writing the Qing history,thus resulting in strained relationship between them and the division among surviving adherents of the Qing.The final Draft of History of Qing is known for many mistakes,poor quality,and embellishment of the Qing dynasty,but this 13-year compilation project had overcame the surviving Qing adherents’resistance against the Republic of China government by consuming their time and energy.