我国要素价格扭曲程度的测度

Measuring the Degree of Factor Price Distortion in China

通过对1978-2016年我国资本和劳动力要素价格扭曲程度进行测算发现,1978年以来的大部分时间,我国的资本和劳动力要素的价格扭曲程度均在1.0以上,资本和劳动力等生产要素存在低价扭曲问题,这种现象对于资本要素更加突出.资本要素价格扭曲的下降主要是因为在改革开放以后,我国资本要素的过度投入造成的资本边际产出下降,同时配合资本要素价格的阶段性上升;劳动力要素价格的绝对扭曲程度下降主要是因为2004年之后我国的最低工资标准调整导致劳动力工资上涨.同时,资本要素在2008年和劳动力要素在2006年出现价格扭曲方向性变化,由负向价格扭曲变为正向价格扭曲.

By measuring the degree of distortion in our capital and labor factor prices from 1978 to 2016,we find th at:most of the time since 1978,the price distortions of our factors of production,such as capital and labor,have been above 1.0.The problem of low price distortions is more pronounced for the capital element.The decrease in the price distortion of capital factors is mainly due to the decline in the marginal output of capital caused by the excessive input of capital factors in China after the reform and opening u p,and at the same tim e,it coincides with the phased increase in the price of capital factors;after the year of 2004,the adjustment of the minimum wage standard in China led to an increase in labor wages.At the same tim e,the factors of capital and labor have changed in the direction of price distortion in 2008 and 2006,respectively,from negative price distortion to positive price distortion.