大黄鱼肝油提取工艺优化及品质分析

Optimization of extraction process and quality analysis of Pseudosciaena crocea liver oil by response surface methodology

以大黄鱼肝脏为原料,选用最佳的蛋白酶水解提取大黄鱼肝油,以提取率为评价指标,对酶解工艺条件进行优化,并分析其品质和脂肪酸组成。结果表明,大黄鱼肝油的最佳酶解工艺为中性蛋白酶添加量2.5%、料液比1∶2(g/mL)、pH 7.3、酶解时间4 h、酶解温度50.3℃。该工艺条件下提取率为78.39%,其品质较淡碱法好,油脂澄清,酸价为(5.83±0.15)mg/g,碘价为(142.65±0.22)mg/100 g,含有13种脂肪酸(较淡碱法多5种),且不饱和脂肪酸为8种,其中饱和脂肪酸含量为19.71 g/100 g,单不饱和脂肪酸含量为62.63 g/100 g,多不饱和脂肪酸含量为17.62 g/100 g。酶法提取大黄鱼肝油的提取率、品质及脂肪酸组成均优于淡碱法。

The large yellow croaker liver was used as the raw material,and the optimal protease was used to extract and extract the large yellow croaker liver oil.Taking the large yellow croaker liver oil extraction rate as an evaluation index,the best enzymatic extraction process was determined through single-factor experiments and response surface experiments.The extraction rate,quality,and fatty acid composition of the large yellow croaker liver oil were compared with those obtained by light alkali method.The results showed that the best enzymatic extraction conditions were as followed:for large yellow croaker liver was using neutral protease,the ratio of material liquid ratio was 1∶2,the amount of enzyme added was 2.5%,the value of pH was 7.3,the hydrolysis time was 4 h,and the hydrolysis temperature was 50.3℃.Under the conditions,the extraction rate of large yellow croaker liver oil was 78.39%,and the quality was better than that of light alkali method.The oil was clear,the acid value was(5.83±0.15)mg/g,the iodine value was(142.65±0.22)mg/100 g.There were 13 kinds of fatty acids,5 more than that of light alkali method.There are 8 kinds of unsaturated fatty acids,including 19.71 g/100 g saturated fatty acids,62.63 g/100 g monounsaturated fatty acids and 17.62 g/100 g polyunsaturated fatty acids.The extraction rate,quality and fatty acid composition of liver oil from large yellow croaker by enzymatic method were better than those by alkali method.