天然气发电在我国能源转型中的作用及发展建议

Role of natural gas power generation in China’s energy transformation and suggestions on its development

较之于燃煤发电,天然气发电(以下简称气电)尽管具有清洁性、高效性、低碳性、灵活性等方面的显著优势,但受政策、气源稳定性等因素的影响,我国气电产业要实现《电力发展"十三五"规划》所提出的1.1×10^8kW的装机容量目标难度很大。为了推动我国气电产业的健康发展,分析了气电在我国能源转型中的作用、气电产业发展现状与所存在的问题,展望了我国中长期气电产业的发展前景。研究结果表明:①发展气电对于改善我国大气环境质量、积极应对气候变化、促进天然气工业发展、提高制造业水平、提升电力系统灵活性以促进可再生能源大规模发展等都具有重要的意义;②当前,我国气电产业主要面临政策层面缺乏统一明确的发展定位、燃料成本相对较高、环保价值及调峰价值没有得到有效补偿、发电企业对供气稳定性存在担忧、燃气轮机相关费用较高等制约的因素;③随着国内外天然气供需形势的变化、我国天然气市场化改革的深入推进以及燃气轮机国产化初见曙光,我国已经具备大规模发展气电的条件,在政策推动到位的情况下,我国气电仍有较大的发展空间。进而提出以下发展建议:①统一认识,在中长期电力规划中明确"积极发展"气电的定位;②建立产业上下游合作机制,共同促进气电行业发展;③制定反映气电环保价值和调峰价值的电价和调度机制;④推动大型燃气电厂直供;⑤加大科技创新力度,提升燃气轮机国产化水平。

Compared with coal power generation,natural gas power generation is much more advantageous in terms of cleanliness,efficiency,low carbon and flexibility,but due to the impact of policy,gas source stability and other factors,it is quite difficult for domestic natural gas power generation industry to reach the power capacity of 1.1×10^8 kW,which is proposed in the"Development Plan of Electric Power during the 13 th Five-Year Plan".In order to promote the healthy development of natural gas power generation industry in China,this paper analyzed the role of natural gas power generation in domestic energy transformation and its development status and problems and predicted its development prospect in the medium and long term.And the following research results were obtained.First,the development of natural gas power generation is of great significance to improving the quality of domestic atmospheric environment,actively responding to the climate change,accelerating the development of natural gas industry,improving the level of manufacturing industry,enhancing the flexibility of electric power system and promoting the large-scale development of renewable energy.Second,at present,the constraints of natural gas power generation industry in China mainly include the lack of unified and clear development orientation in the policy level,higher fuel cost,no effective compensation for its environmental value and peak shaving value,power generation enterprise’s concern in gas supply stability and higher gas turbine related cost.Third,China has already been qualified for developing natural gas power generation in the large scale with the change of domestic and foreign natural gas supply and demand situation,the further advancement of domestic natural gas market reform and the first emergence of gas turbine localization.And if the policy support is appropriate,there is still larger space for the development of natural gas power generation in China.Finally,development suggestions were proposed as follows.First,unify the understandings and clarify the orientation of"actively developing"natural gas power generation in the medium and long term plan of electric power.Second,establish the industrial cooperation mechanism of upstream and downstream to jointly promote the development of natural gas power generation industry.Third,formulate the pricing and dispatching mechanism that reflects the environmental value and peak shaving value of natural gas power generation.Fourth,promote the direct supply from large-scale natural gas power generation plants.Fifth,strengthen technological innovation and increase the localization level of gas turbines.