教育实践的技术化必然与限度——兼论技术在教育基本理论中的逻辑定位

The Necessity and Limitations of Technicalized Educational Practice——Focusing on the Logical Orientation of Technology in the Basic Theories of Education

当今时代是一个技术飞速创新发展的时代,包括教育在内的主要社会领域都在强大的技术潮流推动下发生着深刻的变革。但相对而言,体现教育基本认识的教育基本理论领域并未对技术给予切实的关注,关于教育实践的基本理论研究整体上表现出技术的缺位现象。技术化是教育实践发展的一个基本方向,技术的基本含义是实现特定目的的确定性手段,技术成分存在于包括教育实践在内的一切人类实践之中。教育实践需要通过技术化的方式实现对方法的升级和对资源条件的优化,并由此在技术创生和优化中实现教育的终极目的和师生对生命发展的寻求。在教育实践的技术化发展过程中,应规避教育实践机械化、教育实践者仓皇应对以及对教育技术的鼓吹等风险。当代教育实践发展的技术化需要划定教育实践技术化的底线原则,限定在教育实践者群体主体性发展范围之内,尊重个体教育实践者的操控力整体水平,处理好教育实践技术化与艺术化发展的关系。只有在整体思考教育实践中的主体、目的、手段、技术和艺术等基本要素的基础上,教育实践的技术化努力才能具有更为积极的方向和前景。

In the present era,which has witnessed the rapid innovation and development of technology,the major social fields,including education,are undergoing profound changes,pushed forward by powerful technology.However,the basic theories of education,which reflect the basic understanding of education,have not given due attention to technology,and on the whole the basic theoretical research into educational practice pays little attention to technology.Technology,a basic trend of the development of educational practice,implies a specific means of achieving specific purposes,and exists in all human practices,including educational practice.Educational practice needs to upgrade the methods and optimize the resources through technicalization,thus achieving the ultimate goal of education,and pursuing the development of life by teachers and students.The technological development of educational practice needs to avoid such risks as inflexible educational practice,the hasty response from educational practitioners,and the advocacy of educational technology.We are supposed to establish the bottommost principles of technicalized educational practice:guaranteeing educational practitioners’subjective status,respecting individual educational practitioners’ability of manipulation,and properly dealing with the relationship between technicalization and the artistic development of educational practice.Only by giving overall consideration to such basic elements as educational practitioners,educational purposes,educational approaches,technology,and art will technicalized educational practice have active prospects.