中国共产党在延安时期开展马克思主义教育的实践——基于陕北公学的历史考察

The Marxist Education Conducted by the CPC in the Yan’an Period——Based on a Historical Survey of the Northern Shaanxi Public School

中国共产党创办和领导的新型高等教育始于延安时期陕北公学作为其中典型的代表,集中体现了中国共产党创办高等教育的办学理念与教育方针,以实际行动回答了"为谁培养人"、"培养什么人"、"如何培养人"的问题。就历史使命而言,中国共产党在延安时期开展以解放思想、服务革命事业为导向的马克思主义教育,是为建立统一战线、实现民族解放培养人才;就培养目标而言,注重培养造就以科学理论武装的马克思主义信仰者、革命者和以专业素质育人的马克思主义理论研究者、教育者;就基本途径而言,加强以军事理论和时事政策为引领的干部教育,开展亲和而有针对性的群众路线教育,形成了民主团结、自由开放的优良作风。

The new higher education,founded and led by the Communist Party of China(CPC),started in the Yan’an Period,and the Northern Shaanxi Public School was a typical representative,which embodied the CPC’s educational philosophy and guiding principles for higher education during the Yan’an Period,and answered in the practice such questions as"for whom to cultivate talents?","what kind of talents to cultivate?"and"how to cultivate talents?".In terms of the historical mission,the CPC carried out Marxist education focusing on emancipating the mind and serving the cause of revolution so as to train talents for the establishment of the United Front and the realization of national liberation;in terms of the training objective,the CPC attached importance to cultivating Marxism believers and revolutionaries armed with scientific theories,as well as Marxism researchers and educators who cultivated talents by relying on their professional qualities;in terms of basic approaches,the CPC strengthened the education of cadres,guided by military theories and the then policy,and conducted the mass-line education affiliated with the broad masses,thus developing a nice work style featured by democracy,solidarity,freedom and openness.