民事诉讼案件事实发现的路径——评《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》

The path to fact-finding in civil cases:Comments on multiple rules of evidence in civil proceedings

新修订的《民事诉讼证据规定》的内容有深刻的变化,体现了司法实践关于证据的观念或理论认知的深刻变革,具体表现在:(一)回归“谁主张、谁举证”的本来意义;(二)法院在案件审理中不再有分配证明责任的自由裁量权;(三)强化法院证据收集的义务;(四)摒弃了“形式真实”或“法律真实”思维;(五)摒弃了法定证据规则;(六)深化了对民事诉讼程序与证据关系的理解。总之,新的民事诉讼证据规定对我国学界不恰当地界定的当事人主义概念或不正确的诉讼目的观都进行了根本性的否定或矫正。

The contents of the newly revised Rules of Evidence in Civil Proceedings(RECP)have undergone profound changes.It reflects the sense of evidence or the cognition of evidence theory in judicial practice has profoundly changed.These changes include:(1)restoring the original meaning of"He who asserts must prove";(2)terminating the court’s discretion to allocate the burden of proof in a trial;(3)strengthening the court’s obligation of compelling the production of evidence;(4)abandoning the concept of"formal truth"or"legal truth";(5)abandoning the rule-based decisionmaking law;(6)deepening the understanding of the relationship between civil procedure and evidence.In a word,the new RECP fundamentally correct the inappropriate understanding of adversary system and the incorrect view of litigation purpose which have been inappropriately defined by the academia.