探讨儿童食物过敏与哮喘的相关性

Correlation between children’s food allergy and asthma

目的对儿童食物过敏与哮喘的相关性进行分析。方法前瞻性原则选择医院2017年6月~2019年6月收治的258例哮喘患儿作为实验组,同期遵循1∶1配对原则选择体检健康无哮喘的儿童258例作为对照组,两组受试儿童进行基线资料、居住环境、疾病史、哮喘影响因素等相关调查,且实验组行食物过敏原检测,重点分析儿童哮喘与食物过敏的相关性。结果实验组哮喘儿童在喂养方式、食物过敏、家族过敏史、吸入性过敏史、过敏性鼻炎史、湿疹史、被动吸烟、呼吸道感染、1岁前添加牛羊肉或海鲜等基本资料与对照组非哮喘儿童比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示食物过敏、家族过敏史、过敏性鼻炎史、湿疹史、被动吸烟、呼吸道感染等是儿童哮喘的高危因素。检测显示实验组患儿过敏食物主要有:牛奶74.58%、鸡蛋71.19%、虾30.51%、大豆23.73%、螃蟹21.19%等。结论儿童食物过敏与哮喘的发生相关,针对哮喘诱因的早期干预治疗,对提高疗效有重要意义。

Objective To analyze of the relationship between children’s food allergy and asthma. Methods A total of 258 children with asthma admitted to the hospital from June 2017 to June 2019 were selected as the experimental group according to the prospective principle. During the same period, 258 children who were healthy and non-asthmatic were selected as the control group according to the 1:1 pairing principle. Baseline data, living environment, disease history, and factors affecting asthma were investigated. The experimental group was tested for food allergens, and the correlation between childhood asthma and food allergy was analyzed. Results There were significant differences in feeding pattern, food allergies, family allergies, inhalation allergies, allergic rhinitis, eczema, passive smoking, respiratory infection, addition of beef, mutton or seafood before the age of 1 between the experimental group and the control group(P<0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that food allergy, family history of allergy, history of allergic rhinitis, history of eczema, passive smoking and respiratory infection were high risk factors for childhood asthma. The test showed that the food allergies of children in the experimental group mainly included: milk 74.58%, egg 71.19%, shrimp 30.51%, soybean 23.73%, and crab 21.19%, etc. Conclusion The development and progression of the relationship between children’s food allergy and asthma is of great significance for the determination of asthma etiology, early intervention and treatment.