职业性放射性疾病诊断标准实施评估的探讨

Discussion about evaluation on implementing diagnostic criteria of occupational radiation diseases

职业性放射性疾病诊断工作一直是我国职业健康工作的重点之一。目前,我国已经制定了一系列对应《职业病分类和目录》,作为职业性放射性疾病诊断依据的强制性标准。《中华人民共和国标准化法》和《卫生健康标准管理办法》明确要求建立强制性标准的实施评估机制。但对于职业性放射性疾病诊断标准的实施评估,目前尚缺乏有针对性的系统研究。因此,有必要结合我国职业性放射性疾病诊断标准现状,从评估的方式、方法和内容对如何开展此类标准的实施评估工作进行分析探讨,并提出合理建议。目前,我国职业性放射性疾病诊断标准较为完备。对此类标准实施评估的方式可以是对单项标准的评估,也可以将多项内容结构相近的标准作为一组进行评估。实施评估需建立适当的评估指标体系,并选择合适方法进行系统综合评估。评估内容包括标准质量、标准实施情况和标准实施效果三方面。根据此类标准特点,标准质量方面应关注标准的科学性、可操作性和协调性;标准实施情况方面重点在于实际诊断符合标准的情况;标准实施效果方面应侧重标准实施的社会效益。

The diagnosis of occupational radiation diseases has always been one of the priorities of China’s occupational health work.At present,a series of mandatory standards,corresponding to The Classification and Catalogue of Occupational Diseases,have been developed,as the legal basis for diagnosing occupational radiation diseases.The Standardization Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Measures for the Management of Health Standards clearly require establishing an evaluation mechanism on the implementation of mandatory standards.However,there are few systematic studies on the evaluation on the implementation of the diagnostic criteria of occupational radiation diseases.Therefore,it is necessary,based on the status quo of the diagnostic criteria of occupational radiation diseases in China,to study and discuss the evaluation on implementing these standards from evaluation approaches,methods,and contents,and to put forward reasonable suggestions.The current diagnostic criteria of occupational radiation diseases in China are relatively complete.It’s feasible to evaluate a single criterion or a group of criteria with similar contents and structures.Establishing appropriate evaluation index systems and selecting appropriate methods for systematic and comprehensive evaluation are suggested.The contents of the evaluation include standard quality,standard implementation,and benefits of standard implementation.Regarding standard quality,more attention should be paid to scientificity,operability,and coordination of relevant standards;regarding standard implementation,the focus is the compliance between actual diagnosis and applied standards;regarding the benefits of standard implementation,social benefits are prioritized.