法兰克福学派论争:从阿多诺主体性到哈贝马斯主体间性--以哈贝马斯普遍语用学为例

A Debate in Frankfurt School: From Adorno Subjectivity to Habermas Intersubjectivity--A Case Study of Habermas’s Universal Pragmatics

阿多诺和哈贝马斯都是法兰克福学派第二代中坚力量,两位学者在诸多学术观方面既有共同点也存在差异,甚至存在相反的观点。阿多诺强调主体性,而哈贝马斯则极力批判主体性,从而提出和系统论证了主体间性。系统考察两位学者关于主体性和主体间性基本观点,认为哈贝马斯以语言使用为切入点,基于主体间性建立的交往行动理论是其理论大厦的基础,这也是哈贝马斯普遍语用学的核心思想,基于此,本文论述主体间性建立的四大路径,即数量、质量、关系和方式,并阐述和论证哈贝马斯普遍语用学的基本观点和学术贡献。

Adorno and Habermas are the backbone forces of the second generation of Frankfurt school,who both hold some similarities and differences and even sometimes opposite views in many aspects of academic views. Adorno emphasizes subjectivity, while Habermas stresses intersubjectivity. The paper studies two scholars’ viewpoints on subjectivity and intersubjectivity. Based on intersubjectivity, Habermas’ s theory of communication action is the basis of his theoretical framework, which is the core of the universal pragmatics. This paper proposes the four ways, which are quantity, quality, relation and manner respectively, to establish intersubjectivity and demonstrates the basic idea of Habermas’ s universal pragmatics, and explores Habermas academic contributions to pragmatics and philosophy.