复合微生态制剂对哺乳期犊牛生长性能及瘤胃微生态区系的影响

Effects of Compound Microecologics on Growth Performance and Rumen Microbiota of Calves in Lactation Period

本试验旨在探讨复合微生态制剂对哺乳期犊牛生长性能及瘤胃微生态区系的影响。选取3日龄健康荷斯坦母犊牛21头,随机分成3组,每组7头,单栏饲养。空白对照组(C组)犊牛饲喂基础饲粮,植物乳酸杆菌+枯草芽孢杆菌组(ZK组)每日每头犊牛饲喂基础饲粮+5 g植物乳杆菌+5 g枯草芽孢杆菌,植物乳杆菌+枯草芽孢杆菌+低聚果糖组(ZKT组)每日每头犊牛饲喂基础饲粮+5 g植物乳杆菌+5 g枯草芽孢杆菌+5 g低聚果糖。ZK组和ZKT组犊牛均在饲喂基础饲粮1 h后将相应的复合微生态制剂溶解在温水中,用奶瓶灌入。预试期7 d,正试期50 d。结果表明:各组之间平均日增重和平均日采食量无显著差异(P>0.05)。微生物群落Alpha多样性分析表明,各组之间可见物种数量、Chao1指数、ACE指数、Shannon指数及Simpson指数无显著差异(P>0.05);Beta多样性分析表明,ZKT组基于非加权距离主成分分析聚类较好,C组与ZK组相对分散,说明组间群落结构差异较大。以非加权距离矩阵做UPGMA聚类分析,聚类树不能将C组有效区分,ZK组聚类较好,ZKT组聚类最好,说明复合微生态制剂的添加可影响犊牛微生态区系。瘤胃内容物细菌菌落组成分析发现,犊牛瘤胃内容物细菌优势菌门为拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门等,优势菌属为欧陆森氏菌属、未鉴定普雷沃氏菌科、醋香肠菌属等。Tax4Fun功能预测显示,ZK组的基因表达丰度在细胞过程、环境信息处理和未鉴定功能3个一级功能层较C组增高,ZK组的基因表达丰度在遗传信息处理、感染性疾病、氨基酸代谢、其他氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢5个二级功能层比ZKT组、C组升高。综上所述,复合微生态制剂对哺乳期犊牛生长性能和瘤胃菌群丰富度及多样性无显著影响;而ZKT组哺乳期犊牛断奶前的瘤胃微生态区系明显改变,ZK组在功能预测上要好于ZKT组。

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of compound microecologics on growth performance and rumen microflora of calves in lactation period.Twenty-one 3-day-old healthy Holstein female calves were randomly divided into three groups with 7 calves in each group,and raised in a single column.Calves in the control group(group C)were fed a basal diet,calves in Lactobacillus plantosus+Bacillus subtilis group(group ZK)were fed the basal diet+5 g Lactobacillus plantosus+5 g Bacillus subtilis each calf per day,and calves in Lactobacillus plantosus+Bacillus subtilis+fructoses oligosaccharide group(group ZK)were fed the basal diet+5 g Lactobacillus plantosus+5 g Bacillus subtilis+5 g fructoses oligosaccharide each calf per day.Calves in ZK group and ZKT group were infused compound microecologics with bottle after feeding basal diets 1 hour,which were dissolved in warm water.The pre-experimental period lasted for 7 days,and the experimental period lasted for 50 days.The results showed as follows:there were no significant differences in average daily gain and average daily feed intake among all groups(P>0.05).The analysis of microbial community Alpha diversity showed that there were no significant differences in observed species number,Chao 1 index,ACE index,Shannon index and Simpson index among all groups(P>0.05);the analysis of Beta diversity showed that the ZKT group had better clustering analysis based on unweighted unifrac distance principal component analysis,and the relative dispersion between the group C and group ZK indicated that the community structure between the groups had great difference.The UPGMA clustering analysis was performed by unweighted unifrac distance matrix,the clustering tree could not effectively distinguish group C,group ZK had better clustering,and group ZKT had the best clustering,it indicated that the addition of compound microecologics could affected the rumen microflora of calves.Based on the analysis of bacterial colony composition of rumen contents,it was found that the dominant phylum in the calf gastric juice were Bacteroides,Firmicutes,Actinomycetes et al,and the dominant genus were Olsenella,unidentified_Prevotellaceae and Acetitomaculum et al.Tax 4 Fun functional prediction showed that the abundances of gene expression of group ZK in three primary functional layers which included cell process,environmental information processing and unidentified functions were increased than those of group C,and the abundances of gene expression of group ZK in five second functional layers which included genetic information processing,infectious diseases,amino acid metabolism,metabolism of other amino acids and carbohydrate metabolism were increased than those of group C and group ZKT.In conclusion,the compound microecologics have no significant effects on the growth performance and richness and diversity of rumen microbiota of calves in lactation.However,the rumen microbiota of calves before weaning of group ZKT obvious change,and the ZK group is better than the ZKT group in function prediction.