广州市公立幼儿园传染病管理实践面临困境与对策的质性研究

A qualitative study of the barriers and solving recommendations for infectious diseases prevention and management practice in public kindergartens in Guangzhou

[目的]了解广州市公立幼儿园在传染病管理实践中遇到的具体问题及对策,为更好地开展幼儿园传染病防控提供参考依据。[方法]采用目的抽样法选取广州市5所公立幼儿园的园长、专职保健教师和教师共26名进行半结构式访谈。[结果]幼儿园在传染病管理实践中存在的问题整理后提炼出4个主题:教师的传染病防控专业知识欠缺;学校卫生保健专业人员缺乏;家园配合度较低及园内卫生设施的配置不够。促进幼儿园传染病管理工作的建议整理后提炼出4个主题:规范教师校园卫生管理培训制度,落实专业保健教师岗位设置,提高家长的理解和支持度,增加洗手设备及卫生行为实践时间。[结论]从规范教师健康教育、落实专业保健教师的配置、重视家园沟通与健康教育、改善公共设施、加强幼儿教育等方面采取措施,有助于解决公立幼儿园传染病管理实践中的具体问题。

Objective:To explore the barriers and countermeasures in implementation of infectious diseases prevention and management in public kindergartens in Guangzhou,and provide references for further intervention.Methods:By purposive sampling,twenty-six interviewees including principals,health care teachers and teachers from five public kindergartens in Guangzhou were interviewed by semi-structured interview.Results:Four themes were formed about the barriers in implementation of infectious diseases prevention and management in kindergartens including lack of professional knowledge of infectious disease prevention and control,lack of health care professionals in kindergartens,poor coordination between kindergartens and parents and inadequate public health facilities in the kindergartens.Four themes were formed about the suggestions on promoting the infectious diseases prevention and management in public kindergartens,including establishing a standardized health education training system for teachers,effective implementation of professional health care teachers related policies,getting more understanding and supports from the parents,and increasing the hand hygiene equipment and the practice time of health behavior for children.Conclusions:To improve the effectiveness of the infectious diseases prevention and control in public kindergartens,it is necessary to take measures from standardazing health education system for teachers,training of professional personnel,strengthening communication between the kindergartens and parents and providing more health facilities.