追氮量和种植密度对春性强筋小麦镇麦12号籽粒产量和品质的影响

Effect of the Nitrogen Topdressing and Plant Density on Grain Yield and Quality of Spring Strong Gluten Wheat Cultivar Zhenmai 12

为了明确春性强筋小麦产量和品质协同的适宜施氮量和种植密度,本研究以高产、优质春性强筋小麦品种镇麦12号为材料,在大田条件下基施45%复合肥375 kg·hm^-2,尿素150 kg·hm^-2,设置4个追氮水平(90、120、150、180 kg·hm^-2)和3个种植密度(225、300、375万株·hm^-2),研究追氮量和种植密度对镇麦12号籽粒产量和品质的影响。结果表明,追氮量和种植密度对镇麦12号籽粒产量及其产量构成因素的影响达显著或极显著水平。籽粒产量随着追氮量的增加呈先增后降的变化趋势,追氮量超过150 kg·hm^-2时,籽粒产量开始下降;随着种植密度的增加,籽粒产量呈下降趋势。增加追氮量显著提高了籽粒粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量和面团稳定时间;一定种植密度范围内,籽粒粗蛋白含量和湿面筋含量随着种植密度的增加略有提高,吸水率和面团稳定时间差异不显著。本试验条件下,实现协同提高镇麦12号产量和品质的最适密氮组合为追氮量150 kg·hm^-2,种植密度225万株·hm^-2。本研究结果为明确不同强筋小麦品种最适的施氮量和种植密度提供了理论依据。

In order to verify the optimum nitrogen application rate and plant density for high yield and quality of strong gluten wheat,the cultivar Zhenmai 12 was used as the tested material.The experiments were conducted to study the effects of plant density(225×104,300×104and 375×104 seedlings·hm^-2)and nitrogen application rate(90,120,150 and 180 kg·hm^-2)on the grain yield and quality of Zhenmai 12.The results showed that the nitrogen application and plant density significantly affected on grain yield and its components of Zhenmai 12.The grain yield increased with increasing of nitrogen application,until the nitrogen level was in advance of 150 kg N·hm^-2.However,the grain yield decreased when the plant density was over 225×104 seedlings·hm^-2.The content of crude protein and wet gluten and the dough stable time were significantly increased with the improvement of nitrogen topdressing amount.Within a certain planting density,the content of crude protein and wet gluten in seeds enhanced slightly with the increase of plant density,but there were no apparent differences in grain water absorption and dough stable time.Under the conditions of this experiment,the optimal nitrogen topdressing amount and plant density to enhance the yield and quality of Zhenmai 12 were 150kg N·hm2 and 225×104 seedlings·hm^-2,respectively.The research provided a theoretical basis for the determination of suitable nitrogen amount and plant density in strong gluten wheat with different cultivars.