脂肪腈的合成方法及规模化制备进展

Progress in synthetic strategy and industrial preparation of aliphatic nitriles

脂肪腈类化合物是重要的化工原料和合成中间体,广泛应用于材料和药物合成等领域.本文综述了脂肪腈合成方法学的研究进展,包括对烷烃、烯烃、醛醇和胺类底物的氧化腈化,采用氰基源为反应试剂对烷烃、卤代烷烃、烯烃类底物的直接氰化,以及对酰胺、羧酸(酯)和醛肟底物的脱水腈化.同时,以丙烯腈、己二腈和乙腈为典型代表,概述了相关规模化制备的技术进展和主要问题,并展望了脂肪腈合成与规模制备的未来发展方向.

As important chemical raw materials and intermediates, aliphatic nitriles are widely used in the field of materials and medicine synthesis. In this review, we summarized the research progress in synthetic strategy, including the oxidative cyanation of alkanes, alkenes, aldehydes and amines, direct cyanation of alkanes, haloalkanes and alkenes with cyanogen reagents, and the dehydrative cyanation of amides, carboxylic acids(esters) and aldehyde oximes.Meanwhile, the industrial preparation progress of aliphatic nitriles and the bottleneck problems therein were introduced taking acrylonitrile, adiponitrile and acetonitrile as typical examples. The future development on the synthetic strategy and industrial preparation of aliphatic nitriles was also prospected.