《水浒传》招安原因新探

A New Study on the Causes of Amnesty in Water Margin

《水浒》招安问题一直是《水浒》研究中的令人费解的问题、焦点问题、也是近50年来分歧最大、争议最为激烈的问题.50年来学界对此不断提出新观点,关于招安的原因有代表性的说法主要有:宋江推行投降路线说;封建文化决定说;国家意识下的自我救赎说;游民想发迹变泰说等,都未说到问题的实质.梁山群体争取招安、接受招安最根本的原因是他们最根本的生存欲求决定的.梁山聚义人物是由于各种原因被社会挤出人生轨道,有的是自己走出人生轨道,失去了生存空间,他们上梁山为了避难,是为了保命.保住命后要找一条出路.他们不想也无力推翻朝廷,也不可能长期与朝廷对峙耗下去,最理想可行的路是接受朝廷招安.回到主流社会正常的人生轨道上来.他们接受招安才能回归主流社会,接受招安,是梁山人的生存原则生存逻辑的必然之路.

The focus in the study of Water Margin,the amnesty issue has been the most divisive and controversial one over the last 50 years.In terms of the reasons for the amnesty,some of the widely accepted versions include the surrender route carried out by the Liangshan Mountain leaders,the decisive role of feudal culture,self-salvation under the national ideology and the rise of displaced and rebellious people.Among the above versions,some are relatively one-sided and some more like the misinterpretation of Water Margin,failing to reveal the root of the matter.The root cause for Liangshan Mountain leaders to seek for and accept amnesty is their basic desire for survival.Liangshan Mountain heroes are people who were compelled by the reality or people who chose to walk out of their original life track.Their revolt is temporary,only for survival.Their ideal way out is to return to the mainstream society and return to the normal life track of the mainstream society.Since they were compelled to revolt,the pressure from public opinion,the ethic consciousness of family,and the economic dilemma in Liangshan Mountain are the basic reasons why they accepted amnesty.