疫情后备灾行动的思考

Disaster Preparedness:Reflections on COVID-19

冠状病毒疫情的爆发,给多国医疗卫生资源和应急管理带来前所未有的挑战。举国体制力挽狂澜疫情防控成效令世人瞩目,但付出的沉重代价引发社会各界对国家应急管理体系和能力建设的广泛关注和反思。作者梳理并整理了本次战“疫”期间暴露出的问题和不足并指出重大灾害应对普遍存在的主要问题。文章从联合国国际减灾战略《2009UNISDR减轻灾害风险术语》关于“应急管理”的定义和备灾行动解释,提出备灾行动的主要任务。结合我国第一响应时间急需的援助和服务需求,分别从顶层设计和能力开发两个层面,借鉴国外有效做法,提出应急管理备灾行动的一些思考。

The recent COVID-19 outbreak is an unparalleled challenge for medical resources and emergency management in many countries.The effectiveness of Chinese pandemic control has been acknowledged globally,yet the price paid calls for reflections from all sectors on national emergency management system and capacity construction.This paper intends to summarize the drawbacks in the COVID-19 control and points out existing problems in major disaster management.This paper outlines key milestones of disaster preparedness based on the definition of emergency management and disaster preparedness in“2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction”from UN international disaster reduction strategy.Combining immediate domestic demand and best practices abroad,a few thoughts are proposed on emergency management and disaster preparedness,in terms of top-level planning and capacity development.