西原借款与曹汝霖、陆宗舆、章宗祥“卖国贼”身份再考

A Further Study on Nishihara Loans and CAO Ru-lin,Lu Zong-yu and ZHANG Zong-xiang's Identity as“Traitors”

在近代日本推行大陆政策的过程中,“二十一条”是日本“北守南进”侵华图谋的重要实践。大隈内阁的武力侵华失败之后,寺内内阁转换策略,以西原借款为中心极力推行经济侵华,网罗了大量“二十一条”都不曾获得的新利权,在此过程中,曹汝霖、陆宗舆、章宗祥三人与有力焉。五四前后,反日派指证曹、陆、章“卖国”的证据既有符合事实者,亦有以讹传讹者,而曹、陆、章自辩“无回扣”“收回山东利权”之言辞,既经不住事实的检验,亦经不起逻辑的推敲。故而,西原借款既是坐实曹、陆、章“卖国贼”身份的主要证据,也是上承“二十一条”、下启五四运动的关键环节。

In the process of carrying out the mainland policy in modern Japan,“the Twenty-One Demands”is an important practice of Japan's“Keep North and Go South”invasion of China.Following the failure of the Okuma Cabinet's armed invasion of China,the Terauchi Cabinet transformed its strategy,vigorously pursued economic invasion of China centered on the Nishihara loans,and collected a large number of new rights which had not been obtained by“the Twenty-One Demands”.In this process,Cao Ru-lin,Lu Zong-yu and Zhang Zong-xiang provided much help.Around the May 4th Movement,there were both facts and rumors about the anti-Japanese faction's evidence of“betrayal”of Cao,Lu and Zhang.However,Cao,Lu and Zhang's own argument of“no rebate”and“taking back Shandong's rights”could not withstand the test of historical facts and logical inference.Therefore,Nishihara Loans is not only the key link of inheriting“the Twenty-One Demands”and opening the May 4th Movement,but also the key evidence to confirm the identity of Cao,Lu and Zhang as“traitors”.