清华简组诗为子夏所造魏国歌诗

The Textual Research on Poem Series of Tsinghua Bamboo Slips as Poems of Wei Songs Composed by Zixia

学界一般认为"清华简"《耆夜》《周公之琴舞》组诗为周初作品,为孔子所删之"《周颂》佚篇"。但组诗未见传世上古经典,内容与周初史实严重不合。《耆夜》组诗抬升魏文侯初祖毕公高地位,并赋予其《唐风·蟋蟀》的著作权;《周公之琴舞》取材"周公致政,成王嗣位"这一史实而创作的魏国歌诗,为战国魏文侯僭位大造舆论。近来面世的"安大简"《诗经》,为时为魏文侯师的子夏在孔子所传《诗三百》基础上所编选,弦歌"六风"以媚附魏斯始侯之年(前446)制礼作乐的需要。"清华简"《耆夜》《周公之琴舞》组诗与"安大简"《诗经》体现了子夏之流在魏文侯支持下的礼乐实践。

It is generally believed that Qi Ye and Music Dance of Duke of Zhou in Tsinghua Bamboo Slips are the works of the early Zhou Dynasty,which are the lost chapters of Zhou Song deleted by Confucius. However,there are no classical works handed down from ancient times,and the contents are not in conformity with the historical facts of the early Zhou Dynasty. Poem series of Qi Ye promoted the high status of Bi Gong,the early ancestor of Wei Wenhou,and entitled him with the copyright in Cricket of Odes to Tang. In addition,Music Dance of Duke of Zhou is based on the historical fact that"Duke of Zhou returned the power to the king of Cheng",which created a favorite opinion environment for the usurpation of the throne by Wei Wenhou in the Warring States period. It is proposed in this paper that Book of Songs in Anda Bamboo Slips unearthed recently was actually compiled by Zixia,the teacher of Wei Wenhou,on the basis of Book of Songs passed down by Confucius. The string song"Six Winds"is to meet the needs of making rites and music in the first year of Weisi(446 B.C.). Poem series of Qi Ye and Music Dance of Duke of Zhou in Tsinghua Bamboo Slips and Book of Songs in Anda Bamboo Slips reflect the ritual and music practice of Zixia of his kind with the support of Wei Wenhou.