中国应急志愿服务发展现状与前瞻——基于新冠肺炎疫情应对的观察

The Status and Prospect of Voluntary Service Development in Emergency in China——Based on the Investigation of the Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

志愿服务在新冠肺炎疫情这一重大突发公共卫生事件应对中扮演了重要角色,这也进一步激发了对中国应急志愿服务发展路径的深入思考。基于突发事件的属性和新冠肺炎疫情应对实践的观察,应急志愿服务是应急管理中的人力供给、知识传递、服务递送和社会调节等方面的重要渠道,并呈现服务在线化、场域多元化和能力专业化的参与特征。因此,应急志愿服务的未来发展需要遵循以社区为本、专业为基、风险为重、创新为继的原则。只有从体制改革深化的层面推进应急志愿服务,通过标准化来实现应急志愿服务的社区化、乡村化、基层化,才能实现应急志愿服务在基本层面上有序、有效、有力地参与应急管理。

The voluntary service has played an important role in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic,which brings in-depth thinking on the development path of Chinas voluntary service in emergency. Based on the investigation of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic,this paper indicates that voluntary service is a key channel for manpower supply,knowledge transfer,service delivery and social regulation in emergency management,and further demonstrates its features of participation as service online,field diversification and professionalization. Therefore,the future development of emergency voluntary service needs to follow the community-based,professional-oriented,risk-informed,innovation-structured principles. Only by promoting voluntary service with a community-based strategy through standardization from the perspective of the institutional reform,can voluntary service be carried out in emergency management in an orderly,effective,and powerful manner.